week 7: building a battery supply chain

In week 7 we added the following reports:

• Building a battery supply chain across Europe and North America | Akin Gump
• How China Came to Dominate the Global EV Lithium-ion Battery Value Chain | Copenhagen business school
• State of the EU auto industry Full-year 2022 | ACEA
• Analyzing the Impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on Electric Vehicle Uptake in the United States | The ICCT
• Bidirectional Power Converters for EV Battery Chargers | MDPI

The reports are shared and available free of charge in our database.

70 million batteries a year are needed to achieve net zero

The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that all cars sold starting in 2035 must be electric vehicles in order to achieve net zero by 2050. (EVs). That means that, simply for consumer EVs, upwards of 70 million batteries a year are needed. The demand for batteries will increase dramatically in the upcoming years when you take into account the broader use cases for batteries (such as those needed to complement new renewable energy sources). We must start manufacturing 3,000-gigawatt hours of additional battery capacity annually by 2025 in order to meet this demand, which would need the construction of more gigafactories quickly and at scale. It is difficult to overstate the significance of this increase in production capacity; the total yearly manufacturing capacity is now around 500-gigawatt hours.

This report provides an overview of the various commercial, political, and legal considerations involved in building a battery supply chain across Europe and North America. It takes into account the scale of demand, and the interests of governments, corporates, OEMs, car manufacturers, and investors.

Building a battery supply chain across Europe and North America | Akin Gump

How China has come to dominate the global electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion battery value chain

The Chinese market for automobiles not only presents a chance for rapid expansion but is also propelling alternative technologies for electric transportation. With the largest reserves of rare earth metals on the planet and a strong manufacturing base, China, along with Japan and South Korea, is one of the top three makers of batteries for electric vehicles. From 4.4 GWh in 2014 to 80 GWh in 2020, China’s EV lithium-ion battery sales have increased significantly. Currently, China is home to more than 2/3 of the world’s capacity for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.

This report examines how China has come to dominate the global electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion battery value chain. It traces the process of China’s rise in the EV lithium-ion battery market and looks at the strategies employed by the country to become the leading global player. Additionally, an overview of the current state of the EV lithium-ion battery market in China is provided, including key players and their respective market shares.

How China Came to Dominate the Global EV Lithium-ion Battery Value Chain | Copenhagen business school

The state of the European Union (EU) auto industry in 2022

With the help of improved semiconductor supplies and a rebound in sales in the last quarter of 2022, the total number of new cars registered globally for the whole year surpassed the 66.2 million unit mark of 2021. However, a comparison with 2019 numbers (74.9 million units) shows how much registrations have declined and how the global car demand is still going considerably below pre-pandemic levels. Registrations of passenger cars fell by 10.4% in the European zone in 2022, to 12.8 million units. Once again, the lack of semiconductors had a significant influence on the performance of the region. The war in Ukraine also continued to restrain the Eastern European market, with significant decreases in the immediately affected nations: Russia (-62.7%) and Ukraine (-64.7%).

This report provides an overview of the state of the European Union (EU) auto industry in 2022. It covers a range of topics, such as domestic and global market trends, key economic indicators, production and sales volumes, and new vehicle technologies.

State of the EU auto industry Full-year 2022 | ACEA

The potential impact of the IRA on LDV and HDV electrification rates in the US

Electric vehicle (EV) sales for customers in the United States across all vehicle types will move into the fast lane thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022. The $370 billion allotted for investments in climate and clean energy significantly increases tax credits and incentives to deploy more clean cars, particularly commercial vehicles, while supporting the development of a domestic EV supply chain and charging infrastructure.

This report examines the potential impact of the IRA on LDV and HDV electrification rates in the US until 2035. It considers the value of personal and commercial EV tax credits, taking into account various supply chains, income, and price constraints on new EVs. It then combines this with new projections of future light-duty and heavy-duty EV cost reductions.

Analyzing the Impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on Electric Vehicle Uptake in the United States | The ICCT

Bidirectional power converters for electric vehicle battery chargers.

EVs introduce a new challenge for power networks but also present a new set of issues. Accurate forecasting of battery charging timing and duration, placement of charging stations, and required energy are essential for G2V energy transfer to the vehicle. However, since the energy is not used immediately, as it would be in a typical load, the stored energy in the EV can be used for other purposes, such as V2G energy transfer back to the power grid.

This report presents a detailed analysis of bidirectional power converters for electric vehicle battery chargers. The scope of the report includes an overview of the current state of research on bidirectional power converters, a discussion of their applications in electric vehicle battery chargers, and an examination of the challenges of implementing these converters in these applications.

Bidirectional Power Converters for EV Battery Chargers | MDPI

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